“Multimodel estimates of intercontinental source-receptor relationships for ozone pollution” https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2008JD010816

This work evaluates the contribution of foreign emission on local ozone pollution for East Asia, Europe, North America and South Asia.

The evaluation is performed by a 21 CTM sensitivity test. Emissions are reduced by 20% for EA, EU, NA, SA individually, and the surface ozone change at each region in response to emission change from foreign vs domestic region.

Emissions to be reduced 20% includes anthropogenic emissions of the O3 precursors, NOx, NMVOC, and CO (individually and combined).

For the base case, model ensemble mean surface ozone largely reproduce observation over EU, but overestimates >10ppb in eastern US and Japan.

Sum of ozone change responses to NOx + CO + NMVOCs ~= ozone change response to all precursors.

Domestic emission is more important than foreign emission on local severe ozone pollution.

1996-2002, the estimated North Hemisphere increase in background surface ozone is ~0.1ppb/year.

Ozone change response to reduction of 20% of global atmospheric methane ~= sum of ozone change responses to NOx+NMVOC+CO from foreign sources.